The application of carbide tool grinding fluid-Review development of cutting fluid and tool
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Update time : 2017-08-28 20:29:55
Review of Development of Cutting Fluid and Tool
Cutting fluid is an important supporting material in the metal cutting process. The history of human use of cutting fluid can be traced back to ancient times. It has been found that watering can improve the manufacturing efficiency and quality of stone, bronze and iron. During the classical culture of Rome (about 600 AD in 400 AD), mechanics used olive oil when casting castings of the piston pump. In 1775, the British inventor John Wilkinson (John wilkinson) developed a high precision barrel boring machine, the equipment for the next year to process the steam turbine cylinder. Since then, water and oil have been used as cutting media in metal cutting applications. Since then, in 1860, has experienced a long development, there have been used for cars, milling, planing, grinding, gear processing and threading and other machine tools; at the same time, cutting fluid has also been a large-scale application.
In the 1880s, the United States began the evaluation of the performance of cutting fluid. Tyler (F.W. Tyler) found that the use of sodium carbonate aqueous solution of cutting tools and processing can increase the cutting speed of 30% to 40%. Since the tool material used at that time was carbon tool steel, and the main effect of the cutting fluid was cooling, the cutting fluid was also referred to as the coolant.
With the continuous improvement of the level of cutting fluid awareness and the continuous enrichment of cutting experience, it was found that the oiling agent was able to obtain a good machined surface in the cutting zone. Early people use animal and vegetable oil as cutting fluid, can get a higher cutting speed, and discharge chips; but animal and vegetable oils are susceptible to deterioration, the use of short cycle and other shortcomings. At the beginning of the 20th century, the use of crude oil extracted from the crude oil, while the emergence of different types of excellent performance of lubricating additives. In 1924, sulfur, chlorine cutting oil was patented and successfully applied to heavy duty cutting, broaching, threading and gear machining.
At the same time, tool materials are also rapid development, and thus promote the development of cutting fluid.
1898 invented high-speed steel makes the cutting speed than before increased by 2 to 4 times. In 1923, Germany's Schreiter in the tungsten carbide powder by adding 10% to 20% (mass fraction) of cobalt as a binder, invented a carbide containing tungsten carbide and cobalt. The cutting speed of the tool made of this carbide is 2 to 5 times higher than that of the high speed steel tool. With the increase of cutting speed and cutting temperature, the cooling performance of oil-based cutting fluid can not fully meet the cutting requirements, and the water-based cutting fluid has been paid attention to because of its excellent cooling performance. An oil-in-water emulsion appeared in 1915 and was recommended for heavy duty cutting in 1920. In 1948, the United States Cimcool company first developed a non-oil-based water-based synthetic cutting fluid. Since then, other companies have carried out the development of related products, to promote the development of cutting fluid technology.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, global manufacturing competition is more intense, metal processing is facing enormous challenges. In order to adapt to the processing of high-precision, high-speed, automation, multi-functional and high productivity, cutting tools require higher strength and toughness, and have long life, high reliability, high temperature, wear resistance, And impact resistance and so on. This has made new demands on the design and manufacture of cutting tools and the development and application of metalworking fluids.
Cutting fluid is an important supporting material in the metal cutting process. The history of human use of cutting fluid can be traced back to ancient times. It has been found that watering can improve the manufacturing efficiency and quality of stone, bronze and iron. During the classical culture of Rome (about 600 AD in 400 AD), mechanics used olive oil when casting castings of the piston pump. In 1775, the British inventor John Wilkinson (John wilkinson) developed a high precision barrel boring machine, the equipment for the next year to process the steam turbine cylinder. Since then, water and oil have been used as cutting media in metal cutting applications. Since then, in 1860, has experienced a long development, there have been used for cars, milling, planing, grinding, gear processing and threading and other machine tools; at the same time, cutting fluid has also been a large-scale application.
In the 1880s, the United States began the evaluation of the performance of cutting fluid. Tyler (F.W. Tyler) found that the use of sodium carbonate aqueous solution of cutting tools and processing can increase the cutting speed of 30% to 40%. Since the tool material used at that time was carbon tool steel, and the main effect of the cutting fluid was cooling, the cutting fluid was also referred to as the coolant.
With the continuous improvement of the level of cutting fluid awareness and the continuous enrichment of cutting experience, it was found that the oiling agent was able to obtain a good machined surface in the cutting zone. Early people use animal and vegetable oil as cutting fluid, can get a higher cutting speed, and discharge chips; but animal and vegetable oils are susceptible to deterioration, the use of short cycle and other shortcomings. At the beginning of the 20th century, the use of crude oil extracted from the crude oil, while the emergence of different types of excellent performance of lubricating additives. In 1924, sulfur, chlorine cutting oil was patented and successfully applied to heavy duty cutting, broaching, threading and gear machining.
At the same time, tool materials are also rapid development, and thus promote the development of cutting fluid.
1898 invented high-speed steel makes the cutting speed than before increased by 2 to 4 times. In 1923, Germany's Schreiter in the tungsten carbide powder by adding 10% to 20% (mass fraction) of cobalt as a binder, invented a carbide containing tungsten carbide and cobalt. The cutting speed of the tool made of this carbide is 2 to 5 times higher than that of the high speed steel tool. With the increase of cutting speed and cutting temperature, the cooling performance of oil-based cutting fluid can not fully meet the cutting requirements, and the water-based cutting fluid has been paid attention to because of its excellent cooling performance. An oil-in-water emulsion appeared in 1915 and was recommended for heavy duty cutting in 1920. In 1948, the United States Cimcool company first developed a non-oil-based water-based synthetic cutting fluid. Since then, other companies have carried out the development of related products, to promote the development of cutting fluid technology.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, global manufacturing competition is more intense, metal processing is facing enormous challenges. In order to adapt to the processing of high-precision, high-speed, automation, multi-functional and high productivity, cutting tools require higher strength and toughness, and have long life, high reliability, high temperature, wear resistance, And impact resistance and so on. This has made new demands on the design and manufacture of cutting tools and the development and application of metalworking fluids.